Abstracts of the Contributions Second Scientific Congress of the African Association of Veterinary Anatomists

The current work aimed to analyse the anatomical findings of the nasal and paranasal sinuses of the donkey by gross anatomical observation of the skull and cadaver head, cross-sections, sagittal sections and computed tomography (CT) imaging. Seven adult donkeys and ten skulls were used in this study. The donkey head had six pairs of sinuses, three paranasal; the frontal, maxillary, and sphenopalatine sinuses and three nasal; dorsal, middle, and ventral conchal sinuses. The left and right frontal sinuses were completely divided by a thick bony septum. Each frontal sinus is united rostrally with the dorsal conchal sinus forming conchofrontal sinus that communicated directly with the caudal maxillarysinus by frontomaxillary opening. The maxillary sinus is divided into rostral and caudal compartments by a thin incomplete bony septum. The caudal maxillary sinus is divided into medial and lateral compartments by the infraorbital canal that run longitudinally through it. The rostral maxillary sinus is communicated with the ventral conchal sinus through the conchomaxillary opening, while the rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses are connected with the middle nasal meatus via the slit-like nasomaxillary opening. Approach to the interior of the frontal, rostral and caudal maxillary was determined. The location, size, and shape of the paranasal sinuses openings (conchomaxillary, nasomaxillary, frontomaxillary and sphenopalatinal openings and opening of middle conchal sinus into caudal maxillary sinus) communicated the sinuses with the nasal cavity were identified in CT. The frontomaxillary opening was the largest opening, while the nasomaxillary opening was the narrowest one. CT images with cross-sections provided clear, unobstructed images on the paranasal structures, while paranasal lining was unclear in CT images because of its thin layer. Prenatal Development of the Adrenal Gland in the One Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius).